using the copse snail arianta arbustorum (linnaeus) to detect repellent compounds and thequality ofwoodvinegar

wood vinegar is the aqueous phase of the liquid produced during the slow pyrolysis of wood.it has the potential to be used as a pesticide against various weeds, insects and molluscs. due to divergentfeedstocks, pyrolysis processes and storing conditions, the chemical composition of wood vinegar variesbetween producers and time. the aim of our current study was to use the copse snail arianta arbustorum asa biological odour detector to identify the effective compounds behind the repellent effect of wood vinegar. wealso studied whether variation in the chemical composition of wood vinegars from different producers impactsrepellency efficiency. of the tested constituents, acetic acid, furfural and ether-soluble (mainly aldehydes,ketones, lignin monomers) and ether-insoluble (“wood syrup”) fractions of the water extract of wood vinegarinduced a clear repellent effect on snails, but their effects were considerably lower than the effect of woodvinegar. thus the repellent effect of wood vinegar is due to a larger set of its chemical constituents rather thanto a specific compound. all tested wood vinegars induced a clear repellent influence on snails, but differencesexisted between the products of different retorts. these differences were at least partly due to differences inthe products’ organic material content. according to our studies, a. arbustorum can sense quality differencesbetween wood vinegars, even below 10% dilutions. we suggest that utilizing the avoidance behaviour of a.arbustorum is an easy, non-costly method for monitoring the quality of slow pyrolysis liquids but alsohitherto unknown environmental contaminants.